Introduction to Growth and Development
Introduction to Growth and Development
PEDIATRICS
By Evan G. Graber , DO, Sydney Kimmel Medical College
Last full review/revision Feb 2019| Content last modified Feb 2019
CLICK HERE FOR PATIENT EDUCATION
NOTE: This is the Professional Version. CONSUMERS: Click here for the Consumer Version
Physical growth is an increase in size. Development is growth in function and capability. Both processes highly depend on genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors.
As children develop physiologically and emotionally, it is useful to define certain age-based groups. The following terminology is used:
Neonate (newborn): Birth to 1 month
Infant: 1 month to 1 year
Young child: 1 year through 4 years
Older child: 5 years through 10 years
Adolescent: 11 years through 17 to 19 years
Growth is termed as a physical change, where as development is said to be physical as well as social or psychological change. 5. When the term growth is related to living beings, it can mean the increase in weight, height and bone seize. On the other hand, development is the process of developing skills and capacities.
MONDAY, Oct. 28, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an elevated prevalence of pain compared with children without ASD, according to a research letter published online Oct. 28 in JAMA Pediatrics
Chapter 7 Growth Theory through the Lens of Development Economics
Author links open overlay panelAbhijit V.BanerjeeEstherDuflo
Show more
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01007-5Get rights and content
Abstract
Growth theory has traditionally assumed the existence of an aggregate production function, whose existence and properties are closely tied to the assumption of optimal resource allocation within each economy. We show extensive evidence, culled from the micro-development literature, demonstrating that the assumption of optimal resource allocation fails radically. The key fact is the enormous heterogeneity of rates of return to the same factor within a single economy, a heterogeneity that dwarfs the cross-country heterogeneity in the economy-wide average return. Prima facie, we argue, this evidence poses problems for old and new growth theories alike. We then review the literature on various causes of this misallocation. We go on to calibrate a simple model which explicitly introduces the possibility of misallocation into an otherwise standard growth model. We show that, in order to match the data, it is enough to have misallocated factors: there also needs to be important fixed costs in production. We conclude by outlining the contour of a possible non-aggregate growth theory, and review the existing attempts to take such a model to the data.
Handbook of Regional Growth and Development Theories: Revised and Extended ...
edited by Roberta Capello, Peter Nijkamp
PEDIATRICS
By Evan G. Graber , DO, Sydney Kimmel Medical College
Last full review/revision Feb 2019| Content last modified Feb 2019
CLICK HERE FOR PATIENT EDUCATION
NOTE: This is the Professional Version. CONSUMERS: Click here for the Consumer Version
Physical growth is an increase in size. Development is growth in function and capability. Both processes highly depend on genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors.
As children develop physiologically and emotionally, it is useful to define certain age-based groups. The following terminology is used:
Neonate (newborn): Birth to 1 month
Infant: 1 month to 1 year
Young child: 1 year through 4 years
Older child: 5 years through 10 years
Adolescent: 11 years through 17 to 19 years
Growth is termed as a physical change, where as development is said to be physical as well as social or psychological change. 5. When the term growth is related to living beings, it can mean the increase in weight, height and bone seize. On the other hand, development is the process of developing skills and capacities.
MONDAY, Oct. 28, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an elevated prevalence of pain compared with children without ASD, according to a research letter published online Oct. 28 in JAMA Pediatrics
Chapter 7 Growth Theory through the Lens of Development Economics
Author links open overlay panelAbhijit V.BanerjeeEstherDuflo
Show more
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01007-5Get rights and content
Abstract
Growth theory has traditionally assumed the existence of an aggregate production function, whose existence and properties are closely tied to the assumption of optimal resource allocation within each economy. We show extensive evidence, culled from the micro-development literature, demonstrating that the assumption of optimal resource allocation fails radically. The key fact is the enormous heterogeneity of rates of return to the same factor within a single economy, a heterogeneity that dwarfs the cross-country heterogeneity in the economy-wide average return. Prima facie, we argue, this evidence poses problems for old and new growth theories alike. We then review the literature on various causes of this misallocation. We go on to calibrate a simple model which explicitly introduces the possibility of misallocation into an otherwise standard growth model. We show that, in order to match the data, it is enough to have misallocated factors: there also needs to be important fixed costs in production. We conclude by outlining the contour of a possible non-aggregate growth theory, and review the existing attempts to take such a model to the data.
Handbook of Regional Growth and Development Theories: Revised and Extended ...
edited by Roberta Capello, Peter Nijkamp
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